Despite Friday afternoon's promising bond market rally and mortgage rate improvement, today's top tier 30yr fixed rate bounced back up. The average lender is now at 7.50% for the first time since April 30, 2024.  While there's been a lot of short-term correlation between oil prices and interest rates over the last 6 months, oil does a poor job of explaining much of the recent upward momentum in rates. At times today, it seemed that the higher rates coincided with higher oil prices, but oil fell all the way back to Friday afternoon's levels at one point while rates remained elevated. The other factors are a laundry list of usual suspects: strong economic data, anxiety regarding incoming data being stronger as well, supply/demand issues in the Treasury market, elevated bond market supply in general, etc. That said, there weren't any major new developments for that laundry list today.  [thirtyyearmortgagerates]

(NOTE: This article was updated  at 5:30pm from the version originally published at 2:36pm ET to reflect late day rate improvements). Mortgage rates have risen more than half a point in 2 weeks. While that's certainly not the fastest jump we've seen, it is an extraordinarily uncommon pace--happening less than once per year on average (i.e. it only happened 3 times between 2010 and 2019). Today's initial increase was modest in the bigger picture, adding only 0.04% to yesterday's levels and leaving the average top-tier 30yr fixed rate still just a hair below 7.50%. This is roughly in line with the highs from early 2024 and still well below the highs of 8% seen in October 2023. Much of that initial 0.04% increase can be thought of as a hangover from yesterday's volatility. In fact, the underlying bond market had already improved day-over-day at the time we marked the 0.04% increase. Thankfully, additional gains in the afternoon led lenders to drop rates back below yesterday's latest levels. The final mark was 7.43% for the average lender. [thirtyyearmortgagerates] Whether this friendly bounce means anything about the road ahead is a different matter. If traders knew what the road ahead looked like with any certainty, they wouldn't sit on their hands and lose money between now and then. In other words, anything that you or I can conclude about the near-term future is already priced-in to current levels. The next leg higher or lower for rates will likely be determined by a combination of economic data that hasn't come out yet and war-related headlines that could either help or hurt the fuel price outlook. Next week is a big week for econ data and every week brings new potential for oil price fluctuations these days. In addition, the month/quarter end trading environment increases the risk of volatility regardless of directional cues from data/events.

More than a few media outlets will tell you that 30yr fixed mortgage rates are just now moving over 7% based on the fact that Freddie Mac's weekly rate survey hit 7.03%, up from 6.95% last week.  Before continuing, let's be clear that Freddie's weekly rates are a valuable resource for long-term, big picture analysis. But the survey is not an ideal tool to keep track of where rates are on any given day. There are a few reasons for this, but the easiest to understand is that today's update from Freddie is calculated from an average of rates seen between last Wednesday and yesterday. In other words, it hasn't even measured what rates did today, not to mention the fact that the number is artificially dragged down by lower rates earlier on in the 5-day cycle. In daily terms, 7% was first broken back on September 10th following inflation reports that raised the risk of the Fed rate hike seen last week. A combination of Fed comments, higher oil prices, and stronger economic data have added to the pain since then. As of yesterday, our daily rate index was already up to 7.26%. Today, it's up to 7.45%. [thirtyyearmortgagerates] It is still definitely possible for a mortgage NOTE RATE to be quoted in the high 6% range today, but 7.45% is the rate that captures an apples to apples comparison to all of the past daily rate index entries we've published over the years. A rate that's near or under 7% would require additional upfront points/costs/buydown relative to the average rate quote methodology. Our index automatically takes points/buydown into account in order to capture the true change in rates over time.

The day began like many others over the past several weeks. Bonds hadn't moved much overnight, but were paying some attention to slightly higher oil prices. 10yr Treasury yields were still in the familiar September range between 4.93% and 5.01%, and there was limited economic data on tap that threatened to upset the apple cart. Now let's talk about tail risk. It refers to a distribution of potential outcomes for something that can be reasonably forecasted with a margin of error. A vast majority of the outcomes fall in the main body of the parabolic distribution, but occasionally, an outcome will fall at one of the tails.  While this week's economic calendar is indeed very light, today's lineup included a report that can have a big impact on rates on very rare occasions. The results of that report were so much stronger than expected as to constitute "tail risk" territory.  This is a particularly bad time for such tail risk as far as the rate market is concerned. Only yesterday, we had Fed speakers reminding us that if the economy proved to be hotter than expected, the rate hike outlook shared at least week's Fed announcement would be "too low." Today's data immediately forced the market to consider the risk that next week's data (which is much more important) conveys a similarly strong message.  The result was a rapid shift in Fed rate expectations for next year. While longer term rates don't react to a Fed rate hike after the fact, they're more than willing to react to changes in rate hike expectations. 10yr Treasury yields jumped over 5.1% and the average top-tier 30yr fixed rate jumped 0.09% to 7.26%. This matches the high seen in early 2025. At this point, we'd have to go back to May 1, 2024 to see anything higher. 

Mortgage rates didn't move much on Tuesday, but at least it was in the right direction. Perhaps more exciting is the fact that the average lender is now at the lowest levels in a week with top-tier 30yr fixed rates at 7.17% versus 7.19% yesterday. This matches September 14th's rates. Before that, you'd have to go back to January, 2025 to see anything higher.  Motivation came from familiar sources as oil prices moved lower after overnight headlines regarding a potential reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. There was a bit of a pull-back intraday but oil and bond yields moved back down in the afternoon following another round of promising war-related headlines.  [thirtyyearmortgagerates]